Characters and Encoding

A PHP string is just a sequence of bytes, with no encoding tagged to it whatsoever.

String values can come from various sources: the client (over HTTP), a database, a file, or from string literals in your source code. PHP reads all these as byte sequences, and it never extracts any encoding information.

Text default class is relying on the symfony/string project to perform string manipulation while spellchecking and assumes an Unicode string.